Engineering
Christina Lopez, christina.lopez@students.tamuk.edu
Texas A&M University- Kingsville, with Dr. Matthew Alexander
Chemical Engineering
Testing Effectiveness of Nitrate-Reduction Through Utilization of a Biowall in a Simulated Groundwater Scenario
Nitrates, in small amounts, pose no perceivable effects to the average person; however, when present at higher concentrations, the effects of nitrates not only prove deleterious for the human body, but for the environment and its ecosystems, as well. In such cases, pregnant women and their unborn children are at a particular risk for adverse health effects. As for the environment, excess nitrates can result in algal blooms on bodies of water, which entirely disrupts the ecosystem and is detrimental to the survival of most aquatic life present. This investigation will entail the experimentation of multiple soil columns to be used as “biowalls” to curb the presence of nitrates in simulated groundwater samples. This included an apparatus containing four different soil columns, each with varying compositions of sand, soil, and mulch. The presence or lack thereof of Pseudomonas sp. and emulsified vegetable oil (EVO) were also used to determine the most effective approach for nitrate removal in the contaminated groundwater. Through this research, it is expected that the composite bioactive soil mixture will remove a substantial concentration of nitrates, which suggests great potential for groundwater treatment.
Auldynn Chambers, auldynn_chambers1@baylor.edu
Baylor University, with University of Michigan SROP, Dr. Joseph Potkay
Biomedical Engineering
Designing, Processing, and Validating the Functionality of 3D Printed Artificial Placenta Drainage Cannulas
There are approximately 25,000 extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs) and 80,000 premature infants born each year that risk death and disability. The artificial placenta (AP) research project aims to help support ELGANS and preemies by recreating the fetal physiology through extracorporeal life support. In order to properly regulate the blood flow within the AP, drainage cannulas are needed. For this study, the 3D printing approach to manufacture was explored. Building off of previous models of cannulae, the current study involves an ovular cross-section as opposed to circular, proving to resolve recurring issues of cannulae splitting and collapse. It was found that this is mainly due to design and the print grain pattern. To collect data, cannulas were water and blood tested using a continuous flow pump, simulating the blood flow inside an ELGAN lamb. Currently, results show that the ovular geometry has reduced the occurrence of splitting and collapse due to negative pressures. This development is what ultimately led to the advancement of the project moving onwards to blood flow testing. With the current 3D printed 6fr cannulas, advancements have been made in the research of artificial placenta in developing a reliable form of manufacturing this device. The 3D printed approach also offers variety to better accommodate patient needs. Given this device is to be used in-vitro, it will need further testing and preparation for biocompatibility so they can be inserted into the body without risk of infection or other complications.