Poster Session 2
Brooke Manuel, bnm21ye@sulross.edu
Sul Ross State University, with Dr. Sidney Balman Jr.
Journalism
America's Shame: The Silent Tragedy of Indigenous Women
Indigenous women have been facing a crisis of violence for centuries now. According to crime statistics, more than half of the total population of Indigenous women has been sexually assaulted, more than half of the population has been subjected to domestic abuse, and in comparison to all other ethnicities, Indigenous women are ten times more likely to be murdered. Due to the fact that Indigenous people make up only 2% of the total United States population, these statistics are alarming. This crisis dates back to European colonization when the murder and sexual abuse of Indigenous women was used as a strategy of genocide. Prior to European colonization, Indigenous women were vital to the survival of their Tribal communities, which is one reason why they were initially targeted by European settlers. Nowadays, law enforcement agencies do not put the same resources into cases of sexual assault, domestic abuse, and violence against Indigenous women as they do for cases against other ethnicities. This research aims to bring awareness to the crisis that Indigenous women are currently facing, answer the question of why these criminal offenses are not given the same priority as others, and offer potential remedies.
Ashlynn Main, Ashlynn_Main1@baylor.edu
Baylor University, with Dr. Ashley Barrett
Communication
Compassionate Healthcare and Marginalized Patients
There has been a growing focus and need on the examination of compassionate communication in healthcare. Many marginalized patients have experienced uncompassionate care from physicians in healthcare visits. Under my mentor’s project, we are examining how compassionate healthcare relates to serving marginalized and underserved populations. The research questions of the study is to discover how providers can better suit marginalized patients and in what way. Additionally, how is marginalized-patient care different from non-marginalized patient care? The focus of this project was to conduct a survey of the academic literature on the research areas of compassionate literature, marginalized healthcare populations, and how best to serve marginalized patients. The purpose of the literature review was to discover the extant, current literature on compassionate and marginalized healthcare populations, what methods have been implemented to help serve marginalized patients, and on compassion and organizational communication. Results from this review suggest that it is difficult to implement a more structured approach to compassionate communication in healthcare as it needs to be implemented by an organization. However, there are ways to ease this structural transition such as compassionate communication training or models that allow physicians to move towards a more compassionate shift when communicating to marginalized patients in particular. The insights from this literature review can serve as a valuable resource to see the different methods being discussed for implementing compassionate communication in healthcare. Moreover, the insights from this review can be used in an initial research proposal.
Kaylee McGuire, kaylee_mcguire1@baylor.edu
Baylor University, with Dr. Kelly Jo Hollingsworth
Music Education
Texas Music Educators’ Perceived Effectiveness of Inclusion
To make music accessible for all students, some students require accommodation or modification of general music lessons, along with instrumental classes such as band and orchestra. Students with disabilities are often included in music classrooms in a variety of ways, which may differ based on the student or school system. The purpose of this study is to evaluate Texas music educators’ perceived effectiveness of inclusion in music education classrooms. For this study, survey questions included experience teaching students with disabilities, practices in their classroom, and administrative support they receive when teaching students with disabilities. This study will assess current trends in inclusion in Texas music classrooms, educator knowledge and experience working with students with disabilities, and administrative support for educators when working with students with disabilities. Research questions are as follows:
i. Are there differences among Texas music educators’ perceived effectiveness of inclusion, curriculum adaptations/modifications, or student achievement based on years of teaching experience or specialty area?
ii. How frequently do music educators address music versus non-music objectives as their primary teaching focus when working with students with disabilities?
iii. What are the similarities and differences among Texas music educators’ perceived effectiveness of inclusion, curriculum adaptations/modifications, instructional support, or student achievement found within the current study and the results found within the VanWeelden and Whipple (2014) study?
Hypothesized outcomes include moderate differences of inclusion between teaching experience and specialty eras. Hypothesized outcomes also include a substantial amount of response noting lack of training to work with students with disabilities in educator pre-service training and professional development.
Sarah Grace Barba, sib1016@unh.edu
University of New Hampshire, with Dr. Robin Sheriff
Anthropology and Classics
First-generation College Students Management of Social Class Identities
In the United States, social class is comprised of economic, social, and cultural capital but is commonly known to be based on economic capital. Due to their financial disadvantage, first-generation college students are more aware of social class in higher education. For first-generation students, education is seen as a ladder to a higher social class. However, research shows that it’s challenging for first-generation to achieve this in a dominant middle-class environment in college because of the shock of differences between themselves and their peers, resulting in feelings of not belonging. Scholarly research also illustrates that first-generation students are noted to describe difficulty in higher education due to racial and class-based stereotypes. These challenges brought on by social class differences sometimes result in the development of "hybrid identities.” Based on qualitative data, this study will analyze how first-generation students experience and manage their social class identities. The study will conduct photovoice method and a series of qualitative interviews, using the snowballing technique, social media, and the TRIO Program to gain a large and diverse sample of participants at UNH. This study will look at all college levels of first-generation students (freshman, sophomore, etc.), focusing on how social class identities affect their academic life, providing insight for educators to understand how first-generation students' identities are affected in higher education in the United States, particularly in Northern New England. The study’s data is still being collected thus no conclusions have been made. Thank you to UNH McNair Staff, Scholars, and Dr. Robin Sheriff.
Justin Demsky, justin_demsky1@baylor.edu
Baylor University, with Dr. Joshua King
English Literature
Distracting or Didactic: Understanding the Purpose of Dialect in Victorian Scottish Working-Class Poetry
For around 100 years, scholars have disregarded Scottish working-class poetry from the Victorian era due to its supposed irrelevance, leading to a gap of knowledge in the field. Many believed that the poetry’s heavy use of dialect placed it in a category that did not need to be studied because it did not realistically represent the people of the Victorian era, but by avoiding the study of this body of literature, scholars have strayed away from understanding the class of individuals that it represents—the working class. This study aims to combat the stigma of irrelevant Victorian working-class poetry by researching a set of dialect poems published in and near Glasgow between 1866 and 1882 within the context of greater historical movements to understand their cultural relevance. It was discovered that these poems speak more truthfully to the people they represent than previously researched literature by working as a means to preserve, grow, and represent working-class values and traditions.
Sara Torrentera, sara.torrentera@my.utsa.edu
The University of Texas at San Antonio, with Dr. Kirsten Gardner
History
Mexican Women in Atascosa County during the U.S.-Mexican War
My research is on the U.S.-Mexican War and women's experiences in South Texas, specifically Atascosa County. The topic of Mexican women in rural areas can be difficult to find information on due to the absence of primary resources. As someone studying the U.S.-Mexican War and women's experiences in South Texas, specifically Atascosa County, there are few works published on women's experiences around the future area of Atascosa County (1856). To understand the perspective and hardship women faced during the U.S.-Mexican War, I will use primary documents such as topography, ballads, memoirs, news articles, and other archival material. My research shows women's experience in rural South Texas during a war that is most often overlooked. The history of the small county is abundant but similar to the study of the U.S.-Mexican War, there needs to be more regarding women in scholarly work.
Daisey Dabols, daisy_dabols1@baylor.edu
Baylor University, with Dr. Kelsey Ragan
School Psychology
Do Motor Skills Matter? Using Written expression through CBM
In the United States, one in 36 children has been identified with autism. Children with autism often experience delays in communication in forms of non-verbal, verbal, and written. (CDC, 2023) Students in the education system use writing as a crucial part of their learning and understanding of the real world, which attributes to their identity as a whole. (Himmah et al, 2022) Students with ASD[GR1] are also assessed in the education system through a form of Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM) Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have been shown to have lower scores in their WE-CBM. In this study, handwriting samples were coded from 10 elementary school students; 8 male and 2 female (50% White, Non-Hispanic/Latino n=5, 50% Hispanic/Latino n=5); participant ages ranged from 5-11 years old. These students were given two minutes to write from a prompt. These samples were then assessed through the Handwriting Legibility Scale (HLS) and double-coded to achieve inter-rater reliability. The purpose of this study is to identify and gain a better understanding of the potential impact of handwriting assessments of students with Autism. The question guiding this research project is, “How can these students be accurately assessed through their written expression in CBM standards if they have handwriting impairments that may hinder their results?”.
Jewelie Lujan, jewelie.lujan@students.tamuk.edu
Texas A&M University-Kingsville, with Dr. Catherine Tu
Music Education
Correlating Music Preference and Anxiety Levels in College Students
In a previous study done by Rentfrow & Gosling (2003), music preference and depression were linked, however, there are no prior studies that have correlated music preference to anxiety levels, especially in college students. Aside from the selected participant group being highly accessible to the researcher, college students may be the largest group of consumers that listen to new music genres. The purpose of this study is to find out if there is a correlation between music preference and anxiety levels in college students. Past studies are limited, outdated, and feature an experimental design versus my survey study design. Research with updated music genre availability may significantly contribute to the music education discipline. This quantitative study used two pre-established measures: The Short Test of Music Preference (STOMP) and The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and they took about 10 minutes to complete. Voluntary participants who showed up to the music lab and completed the surveys received refreshments. Data will be analyzed using Pearson-product-moment correlation procedure to examine the bi-variate relationship between music preference and anxiety level. Descriptive statistics and figures for all variables will be computed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 2022). The researcher expects to see a correlation between participants’ music preferences and their anxiety levels depending on the stimulating or relaxing nature of each preferred genre.
Camellia Valencia, Camellia_Valencia1@baylor.edu
Baylor University, with Dr. Julie Holcomb
Art History
The Decolonization of the African Collection from the Martin Museum of Art
This research project aims to study the provenance and ethical practices used during the creation of the Martin Museum’s Permanent African Collection and connect their current practices to museums worldwide. The first part of the project focuses on the museum's creation, the formation of the African Collection, and its provenance. The second part of this project focuses on three objects from the Martin and addresses contemporary museum topics related to each piece. Issues discussed in this project's second half include colonization's impact on African art, tourist objects and their authenticity, and the decolonization of museum spaces. This research is important because museum ethics have evolved immensely since the 1970s when most of the African Collection was acquired. Furthermore, the Martin Museum and other institutions have begun addressing ethical issues arising from their permeant collections to decolonize their spaces. This project required a mix of archival research, library research, and research on museum policy. This study uncovers ethical problems from the past but also shows a positive change in institutional practices today. This project concludes by discussing what Martin Museums is doing to prevent ill practices in the future and how their reflections on past actions make them better institutions today.
Corey Brannon, corey.brannon@okstate.edu
Oklahoma State University, with Dr. Jonathan Coley
Sociology; Gender and Womens Studies
Pro- and Anti-Transgender Legislation in U.S. State Legislatures
Transgender legislation has become prevalent in the last few years. This legislation rules on whether transgender individuals deserve the same rights as “normal” individuals. Many people believe that being transgender is a “sin” or even a mental illness, which leads them to oppose granting a transgender individual the same rights as someone who does not experience gender dysmorphia. This project will examine the types of bills related to transgender issues that were proposed in 2021 through 2022. The project will detail the aspects of the bills and illustrate whether they are Pro- or Anti- transgender. While working with an advisor on this project we selected one state from each major region. For this project, we have selected one blue state (California), one red state (Oklahoma), and two swing states (Pennsylvania and Wisconsin). In California, the proposed bills were usually very inclusive for transgender and gender-nonconforming individuals. We noticed the same inclusivity within the state of Pennsylvania. While on the other hand, we can see that Oklahoma and even Wisconsin have had a history of proposing bills that are exclusionary of not only the Transgender community but also the LGBTQ+ community. We hope the findings of this study will assist future researchers in bringing awareness to this issue and strive to promote change so that individuals can self-govern and exercise their full rights.
Ama Owusu, Ako1007@unsh.edu
University of New Hampshire. With Dr. Ngozi V. Enelamah
Social Work
Mental Health Symptoms and the likelihood of Masking Behaviors Among College Students
Higher education can be a taxing period for many young adults due to the academic and social pressures that often appear on college campuses. Social pressures and or stigma from mental health challenges can result in negative coping mechanisms and increased adversity for students. A coping mechanism that has been linked to stress and mental health challenges is the act of masking or camouflaging where individuals consciously or unconsciously attempt to compensate through certain behaviors or traits in order to adjust to general social norms. This study aims to examine the association between the mental health symptoms of college students and the likelihood of engaging in masking behaviors. Specifically, the study will examine to what extent mental health stigma is associated with camouflaging behaviors among college student. The study will use a mixed-methods research methodology to gather and analyze primary quantitative and qualitative data from college students at a university system in New England. Specifically, a convergent parallel design where quantitative data is compared and related to qualitative data will be used. This study is significant as it will shed light on the incidence of camouflaging on college campuses. Findings may help inform strategies to reduce stigma, promote understanding and acceptance, and assist colleges and universities to create a welcoming and inclusive environment for all students to thrive both academically and socially.
Jordan Scott, Jordan_Scott4@baylor.edu
Baylor University, with Dr. Stephanie K. Jones
Public Health
Suicidal Ideation, Unsafe School Environment, Technology Usage, and Depression in Relation to Substance Usage
Suicidal ideation, feeling unsafe at school, amount of technology usage, and depression are correlated to increase substance use among adolescents in Texas compared to the United States. Substance use is a major public health concern in the United States and understanding the factors associated with use in adolescents may help lower rates of alcoholism in adulthood. Furthermore, the impairments caused by substance use on the development of the brain is well documented in the literature. A comprehensive literature review was conducted prior to data analysis. Following the literature review, SAS 9.4 was used to analyze data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey at the Texas state level and nationally. Results are still being assessed and future areas of research are still being hypothesized.
Diego Diaz Vega, diego.diaz@okstate.edu
Oklahoma State University, with Dr. Bree Baker
Exercise Science
Composition Changes Across Seasons and Injury Risk in Softball Athletes
Physical activity and participation in sports have been well documented in their effects on bone and body composition in female athletes. Furthermore, differences in body composition measurements have been recorded between females due to specific physical requirements for the sport of choice (Peart, 2019). Across the literature, body and bone composition analysis in softball athletes takes many forms. Typically, studies range from singular season composition analysis to multi-season compositional analysis. With interest in analysis across multiple seasons, there is limited data on body composition changes across seasons. The significance of this study is to 1) highlight previous studies and their findings on softball body composition changes across multiple seasons; 2) understand softball injuries and trends; 3) find potential indications of injury risk from compositional changes across seasons; 4) contribute to limited research on multi-seasonal softball. Methods: Three forms were completed by participants. Participants filled out an informed consent form, a questionnaire on sleeping habits and experiences, and a final questionnaire on training log, injury log, and menstrual history, and contraceptive use. After completing the forms, participants were scanned for anthropometric measurements using a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results: With data collection still underway, our hypothesis is injury prone softball players are more likely to develop during the off-season, or pre-season based on anthropometric markers collected. Conclusion: We suspect lower lean-mass, higher fat-mass, lower bone mineral density, and overall; less/increasing conditioning contribute to higher injury risk. Future Directions: Further topics to explore include the menstrual cycle’s effects on performance and sustained injuries across seasons.
Hadi Darkazalli, hadi_darkazalli1@baylor.edu
Baylor University, with Dr. Tricia Blalock
Health Science Studies
A Comparative Study of Healthcare Systems in the United States, France, Spain, and Costa Rica
The field of medicine is consistently adapting to better improve the assistance that is provided to people in need, yet countries globally have developed diverse healthcare systems, some public and others privatized. This study explores and compares the healthcare systems of the United States, France, Spain, and Costa Rica, focusing on their patient-doctor relationships and medical practices. Through extensive background research encompassing demographic diversity, major health concerns, lifestyle, and cultural factors, the interactions between healthcare facilities, practitioners, and patients in each country were examined. Comprehensive insights were achieved from questionnaires and semi-structured interviews that were asked of both healthcare practitioners and patients residing in each nation to distinguish between the system’s availability to the people, techniques and practices performed, availability of resources, and patient-doctor relationships. The initial findings suggest that while resources and medical practices were uniformly consistent in each nation, the countries that offered universal coverage of healthcare services, France, Spain, and Costa Rica, observed greater indications of trust in practitioners, leading to increased patient utilization of medical services; however, the United States exhibited a burden in their patient-doctor relationship from concerns over cost and coverage, causing skepticism towards healthcare professionals' capabilities. The study highlights the significance of cultural context and healthcare accessibility in shaping patient perceptions and experiences. As the medical community seeks to improve patient care and satisfaction, the insights from this study can serve as a valuable resource for policymakers and healthcare practitioners in enhancing healthcare systems worldwide.
Eva Morgan, eva.morgan@students.tamuk.edu
Texas A&M University- Kingsville, with Dr. Jason Apple and Dr. Rudolf Bohm
Agricultural Science
The Use of Environmental DNA to Monitor the Presence of Feral Hog (Sus Scrofa) Populations Within Cattle
Feral swine populations pose a significant risk of damage to agricultural commodities each year. Among this damage is the potential for disease transmission within rangeland cattle communities. Monitoring and control methods are generally costly, time-demanding, and labor intensive. The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) to monitor species populations is gaining popularity due to its ease and quick results but lacks research within non-aquatic species and the interaction between other biotic factors such as the presence of another animal’s DNA within the sample. This study will determine how the presence of cattle manure, or eDNA, will degrade samples testing for feral swine. In a lab setting, researchers mixed domestic hog and cattle manure at 5 different concentrations including positive and negative controls, and tested each at 0 hours and every 14 days for a 42-day period. Researchers utilized conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) testing to provide positive or negative results for the detection of feral pig DNA. Samples will mimic what may be taken in natural bodies of water, therefore providing results regarding when samples should be taken for the best possibility of successful monitoring. The results of this experiment may be immediately applied to real-life scenarios and benefit the future of feral hog monitoring.
David Perez Vargas, david.perezvargas@my.utsa.edu
The University of Texas at San Antonio, with Dr. Alan Meca
Psychology
Exploring the Power of Identity: Political Engagement among Latino and Hispanic College Students
This study aims to explore the relationship between Ethnic/Racial Identity (ERI), U.S. Identity (USI), political involvement, and civic engagement among Latino and Hispanic college students. By investigating the exploration, resolution, and affirmation factors of the ERI and USI (Umaña-Taylor, 2014), we can observe the influence of political involvement of Hispanic/ Latino college students. With this study, it is possible to tackle the limited research that exists on the intersection of these identities with political engagement. By examining the correlation between ERI, USI, political involvement, and civic engagement, this study aims to shed light on the potential moderating effects of these identity dimensions. The historical context of student activism, such as the Chicano Movement, demonstrates an impact towards collective action and community involvement in political change. Previous research suggests that civic engagement and political participation may be influenced by shared community ties, skills gained through participation, and personal experiences of discrimination (DeSipio, 2002). By understanding the relationship between ERI, USI, political involvement, and civic engagement this paper should provide valuable insights into the motivations and aspirations of Latino and Hispanic college students. This research seeks to shed light on the gap in the literature and offer guidance for future studies exploring the power of identity in shaping political engagement and civic participation among this population.
Erin Luckern, erin.luckern@unh.edu
University of New Hampshire, Dr. April H. Bailey
Psychology
Of Minds and Men: Androcentric Biases in Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence
Developers of artificial intelligence (AI) have found that anthropomorphizing AI assistants as women increase consumer trust. Utilizing feminine gender cues to increase interest in AI could have social consequences. As AI is becoming commonplace in the home, medical, workplace, and academic settings, social interactions with AI have the potential to shape perceptions of and interactions with real women. The proposed study will further investigate perceptions of gender, AI, and AI mindedness (mental, social, and emotional capabilities; Gray et al., 2007). As part of a larger examination of possible gender biases in the perceptions of the mindedness of different types of entities, this study will focus specifically on perceptions of AI. Based on our prior research, we first anticipate that AI will be perceived as male-gendered by default. We will also test whether male-gendered AI will be perceived as having greater mindedness capabilities compared to female-gendered AI. One possibility is that people will perceive AI as male-by-default but when specifically asked about female-gendered AI they will perceive female (vs. male) AI as more having more mental, social, and emotional capabilities. Special thanks to my mentor, Dr. April Bailey, Bailey Identity and Social Cognition (BIAS) Lab members, McNair Staff and Summer 2023 Scholars. This research Funded by the UNH McNair Scholar Program.
Luis Vega, luis_vega1@baylor.edu
Baylor University, with Dr. Elisabeth Vichaya
Neuroscience
Exploring the relationship between mtDNA and fatigue in a LLC Murine Model
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is characterized by feelings of cognitive, physical, and emotional tiredness in response to cancer and/or cancer treatment. The prevalence of fatigue is high, with some patient populations reporting as high as 99% fatigue occurrence. Inflammation has often been associated with CRF, but recent research has pointed at metabolic dysfunction as a mediator between inflammation and CFR. We propose that changes in mtDNA-cn and cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) due to cellular metabolic dysfunction may be a biomarker of CRF. We propose to test this using the murine LLC-tumor model and cisplatin chemotherapy. Mice with or without tumors were submitted to wheel running and received cisplatin or vehicle injections once weekly for 4 weeks. Tumor and cisplatin-bearing mice showed decreased nightly wheel running with Tumor-cisplatin mice showing the most severe fatigue-like behavior. mtDNA analyses are underway.
Carissa Perez, carissa.perez@students.tamuk.edu
Texas A&M University-Kingsville, with Dr. Jeffery Chernosky
Political Science
Factors Influencing High-school aged Studet Success: An Exploratory Case Study of a Rural South Texas School District
Minimal research has been conducted regarding the success factors associated with high school students in rural school districts, leaving a gap in our understanding of the elements that influence students’ academic, technical, and life success. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that contribute to the success of juniors and seniors enrolled at San Perlita High School. This study utilized a mixed methods design, which involved the collection of qualitative data first and then quantitative data. Researchers accessed public records of the Texas Education Agency (TEA) to examine the relationships between juniors and seniors at San Perlita ISD and other juniors and seniors in the same Education Service Center (ESC) Region One. A holistic approach was implemented during the semi-structured personal interviews to assess student’s perceptions of support systems and the campus environment. The results of this study aimed to benefit the San Perlita school district by informing faculty, staff, and students of factors that may contribute to student success. The results of this study may be applied by educators and the community within districts of similar size, composition, and TEA classification to achieve higher levels of student success and accomplishment in their own communities.
Aleiyah Fields, aleiyah.fields@okstate.edu
Oklahoma State University, with Dr. Ashley Cole and Dr. Lucia Ciciolla
Psychology
Analysis of the unique challenges of Native Americans growing up on reservations
To date, there is little research regarding Native Americans living on reservations and the challenges they may face. When you compare common issues like poverty and substance use, the rates can be higher in Native American communities. To examine the challenges such as ACEs, poverty, and substance use with Natives on reservations, I used the following search engines: Google Scholar, Scopus, and PsychINFO. The key search terms used were Native Americans, American Indians, Alaska Natives, indigenous, reservation, reservations, reserve, ACEs, adverse childhood experiences, poverty, substance use, substance use disorders, alcohol, and drug use. Many sources found that ACE scores, poverty, and substance use were much higher in Native Americans on reservations compared to other populations. Research also shows challenges like ACEs, poverty, and substance use have a significant impact on the lives of those who experience them. Future research should include treatment options for Native American community that are culturally inclusive.
Vavah Kamasa-Quashie, vavahkq@gmail.com
Lamar University, with Dr. Raymond Doe
Psychology
The Monkey and Ladder Experiment: Does Conformity Stunt Critical Thinking?
This paper seeks to recreate the analogy of the “monkey and ladder experiment,” using human beings. This highlights the need to critically think in situations where conformity is present. This experiment forces people to start questioning social norms, traditions, and cultures that have descended over the years. This experiment will also answer the question on if conformity limits or stunts critical thinking. It requires 88 participants and 4 actors. To make the experiment better suited for human beings, the banana in this case would be chairs. Usually, the first instinct for people when they enter a room and see empty chairs is to take a seat. The deterrent or the water would be the use of confederates. This experiment would use deception to avoid the Hawthrone effect. To get better and authentic results it would be better to inform them that they are being involved in a different experiment. Hypothesis 1– The participants that walk into the room would conform by remaining standing. Hypothesis 2- all participants that walk into the room would choose to ignore the instructions given to them by the confederates and take a seat. Hypothesis 3- the participant would choose to leave the assigned room. This experiment encourages all people to be more aware of social and cultural norms that they follow and critically analyze the information.
Sarah Sohail Jewanee, sarah_jewanee1@baylor.edu
Baylor University, with Dr. Jacques Nguyen
Neuroscience
Behavioral Effects of Oxycodone and Naloxone: An Experimental Study Measuring Withdrawal
Following the COVID-19 pandemic, prescription opioid use and misuse has contributed to the ongoing opioid epidemic in the United States, and the negative consequences of opioid addiction on public health has been exacerbated. One particular concern is the impact of opioid addiction treatment and its consequent behavioral and neurobiological outcomes. We hypothesized that male and female subjects exposed to acute oxycodone injections followed by a naloxone injection will not exhibit withdrawal driven changes in anxiety-like behaviors and thermal pain sensitivity. To conduct the experiment, adult male and female Wistar rats were subjected to repeated (twice daily for 7 days) injections of saline (1 mg/kg, i.p.) as a method of acclimating the subjects to the injection regimen. Subjects were then randomly divided into three groups: High-Dose Oxycodone (4 mg/kg, i.p.), Low-Dose Oxycodone (2 mg/kg, i.p.) and a Saline Control Group (1 mg/kg, i.p.). An array of behavioral and biological paradigms were then used to examine consequences of acute exposure and evaluate behavioral changes and intensity of precipitated and spontaneous withdrawal symptoms. The exams were divided into anxiogenic
and antinociception exams. Anxiogenic tests were used to evaluate anxiety-like behavior and biological changes through the use of: a marble burying test, a withdrawal scale, and total weight change. To measure tolerance, a thermal nociception test was used to validate acute exposure to the experimental conditions. 24 hours after naloxone injection, novel subjects were placed on an elevated plus maze to further assess anxiety levels and observe locomotion.
Nayeli Flores, nayeli.flores@students.tamuk.edu
Texas A&M University- Kingsville, with Dr. Maura Krestar
Communication Sciences and Disorders
A Preliminary Investigation of Social Justice Perceptions Among Communication Sciences and Disorders Students
The purpose of this survey research is to provide preliminary data regarding social justice perceptions among Communication Sciences and Disorders students. Recent efforts include identifying how professions develop and implement equitable practices, as indicated by sustainable goals, human rights, and social inclusion tactics in terms of race, gender, class, disability, geography, sexuality, and language. Although these efforts take root in the professional realm, such issues should be introduced earlier. Current research does not adequately address current students’ understanding of social justice in the health professions. For that reason, the current study will culminate with a proposal for a study to collect qualitative data that reflects knowledge and opinions related to social justice in Texas A&M University-Kingsville (TAMUK) students majoring in Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSDO), a major that leads to employment as a speech-language pathology assistant or, with graduate work, a speech-language pathologist. The results of this study will benefit the decision-making of whether social justice should be introduced to students before heading into the professional realm. By participating in this study, participants will gain a better understanding of their self-social justice perceptions. The data collected from this study will help higher education administrators understand where Communication Sciences and Disorders students stand on social justice and whether it should be implemented earlier in their academic studies.
Stephanie Amaya, sa103@wellesley.edu
Wellesley College, with Dr. Yui Suzuki
Biological Sciences - Evolutionary Departmental Biology
The Hormonal Regulation of Temperature-Dependent Color Changes in Manduca Sexta Larvae
Genetic accommodation is an evolutionary process by which natural selection acts on developmental plasticity to generate novel phenotypes. In this study, we explored the molecular basis of genetic accommodation using two genetically accommodated strains of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, which change color to different degrees as a result of a change in temperature. RNA-seq on the brain/corpora allata complex revealed several changes in genes associated with juvenile hormone (JH) and ecdysteroid signaling. Our findings demonstrate that JH levels fluctuate in response to temperature, while the evolution of ecdysone levels underlie the process of genetic assimilation of the black larval coloration. Thus, changes in different hormones underlie distinct dimensions of genetic accommodation.
Joaquin Lugo, joaquin_lugo1@baylor.edu
Baylor University, with Dr. Christie Sayes
Environmental Science
Degradation of Plastic Nurdles using Mechanical and Enzymatic Degradation
From our daily cups of coffee to cutlery and food packaging, plastics have become indispensable, especially in the food and drink industries. Many of our plastic products are formed from malleable plastic beads called nurdles. Nurdles are hard to keep packaged because of their small size. One major issue in plastic pollution is that the nurdles and the final plastic product do not degrade. This issue has encouraged researchers to research possible routes of degradation through physical, chemical, and biological mechanisms. Each process is different, but all methods ultimately break the bonds in the backbone of the plastic polymers into oligomers or minerals. For this study, mechanical grinding and enzymatic digestion were used separately and in combination to force plastic degradation. Materials were ground with a mechanical blender over varying times and temperatures. Further, the resultant degraded plastics were subjected to specific enzymes that bind to a specific plastic surface. Each plastic was analyzed for differences in surface features before, during, and after the degradation process using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Our preliminary results show that mechanical grinding increases the surface roughness of plastics and produces micronized flakes and particles that are easily removed from the larger plastic surface. In addition, the enzymatic degradation increases the oxidation of plastic surfaces which further helps to make the plastic brittle. These degradation processes have been shown to be effective in the literature, and this study will contribute to the knowledge of plastic degradation processes.
Kimberly Casares, casaresk@nmsu.edu
New Mexico State University, with Dr. Jim Leebens-Mack & Dr. Donovan Bailey
Biology
Using whole genome sequencing to generate phylogenetic data for Agave
Agave is a diverse and complex group within the family Asparagaceae and presents a challenge for phylogenetic studies due to the rapid diversification of species. To address this, we employed a targeted sequence capture approach using a series of suites of python scripts composed of hybpiper, MAFFT, IQ-TREE, and ASTRAL in order to yield robust phylogenetic data sets, revealing underlying evolutionary patterns. This method allowed us to investigate the evolutionary relationships within Agave and gain insights into its taxonomy and diversification.The significance of this research lies in the enhanced understanding of this enigmatic group's evolutionary history and taxonomical relationships. To test our hypothesis, we collected samples from diverse Agave species and used hybpiper to target specific genes of interest. The obtained sequence data were then aligned using MAFFT and subjected to IQ-TREE for phylogenetic inference. Finally, ASTRAL was employed to construct a species tree, effectively resolving the complex phylogenetic relationships within the group. The results of our study revealed a well-supported phylogeny for Agave, allowing us to observe distinct clades corresponding to major geographical regions, suggesting a potential biogeographic influence on the diversification of the group. Additionally, our analyses identified potential cryptic species within Agave, highlighting the importance of taxonomical revision and further exploration. Overall, this study sets the stage for future research on the evolutionary dynamics and diversification of this intriguing group.
Princesa Alvarez, princesa_alvarez1@baylor.edu
Baylor University, with Dr. Christopher Kearney
Microbiology
Cloning and Production of Guided Antimicrobial Peptide Detoxin-TK
The extensive use of antibiotics has led to the development of genetic resistance in bacterial pathogens. Engineered antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have the capability to replace antibiotics, especially for gastrointestinal infections. To produce a protein commercially E. coli is the most common production tool, unfortunately, the AMPs kill E. coli We used a SUMO carrier protein to detoxify AMPs and produce them in E. coli. AMP genes and primers were synthesized using an outsourced company. Primers were used to add ligation independent staggered ends to AMP genes through PCR. Ligation independent cloning into a SUMO vector was performed generating staggered ends which allowed annealing of the vector in the AMP insert. We then transferred the SUMO vector/AMP to BL21 Escherichia coli high expression cells, followed by induction of expression, cell lysis and isolation of supernatant. We also performed Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC) by using a nickel affinity column to bind 6his- tagged SUMO/AMP fusion protein. The product was then analyzed on SDS-PAGE gel, and yield and purity were calculated. Our experiment will allow us to progress by testing toxicity against a panel of bacteria in the future. The ultimate goal is to express AMP genes into Lactococcus lactic probiotic bacterium to permit testing in a mouse model, which will hopefully allow for the mouse to have a healthier gut microbiome after gastrointestinal infection.
Mellany Smith, ms108@wellesley.edu
Wellesley College, with Dr. Eric Schelter
Chemistry
Observing the CISS Effect through Magnetism of Chromium Clustered Shibasaki Framework
The Chiral-Induced Spin Selectivity (CISS) effect describes the selective transmission of electrons through a chiral system based on its spin orientation. With the CISS effect, researchers have studied helical chiral structures to understand the spin polarization phenomenon, and it was determined that one spin orientation of the electron moving through these enantiopure helical chiral structures is preferred over the other. The differing spin orientations exist due to magnetic interactions coming from the electrons, and it was initially presumed that the general energy difference between the spin states of the electrons is typically weak and negligible. But the reports on the CISS effect in chiral biological complexes showed this energy difference between spin orientations is significant. Furthermore, the CISS effect emphasizes that the ability of MOFs to select their spin orientation should not be overlooked. In this project, the magnetic properties of synthesized enantiopure and racemic chromium cluster complexes will be analyzed to determine if there is a difference in spin selectivity within the enantiomers. Such studies on molecular compounds have yet to be explored in the literature. The CISS effect’s studies on molecular platforms provide an attractive avenue to explore the interplay of efficient spin polarization and inherent chirality.
Edgar Munoz II, emunoz@forum.montevallo.edu
University of Montevallo, with Dr. Robert Herron
Exercise Science
Influence of dietary nitrate supplementation on responses to a cold pressor test in young women
Hypertension is associated with cardiovascular disease and research specific to interventions that alter vascular function in young women is lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of acute dietary nitrate, via beet root juice (BRJ) supplementation, on cardiovascular responses to a cold pressor test in young women. A total of 17 (aged 18-23) women completed this protocol. A repeated-measures, placebo-controlled, counter-balanced, crossover design investigated the impact of dietary nitrate on the cardiovascular system’s response to a cold presser test during a 4-min recovery window. All participants completed three laboratory visits (Visit 1 = familiarization, Visits 2 and 3 = experimental). The experimental visits differed in the BRJ formula; whereas the placebo had dietary nitrate removed by the manufacturer. A two-way, repeated measures ANOVA (Time x Treatment), revealed there was no interaction nor main effect of treatment on participants’ heart rate and blood pressure immediately after or during a 4-min recovery period after a cold pressor test (p > 0.05). However, as expected, there was a main effect of time (p < 0.001); whereby minutes 0 and 1 were higher than minutes 2, 3, and 4 during the recovery window for heart rate and blood pressure (p < 0.05). BRJ in did not influence cardiovascular reactivity following a cold pressor test when compared to placebo. This research study will continue to recruit more participants, specifically minority women, to help further understand the acute impact of dietary nitrate supplementation.
Joshua Huang, joshua_huang2@baylor.edu
Baylor University, with Dr. Jung-Hyun Min
Biochemistry
Fluorescence Anisotropy to Further Elucidate Rad4-TFIIH Dynamics
The nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway is triggered when the XPC–RAD23B–CETN2 trimeric complex initially identifies DNA lesions within the genomic DNA. Subsequently, this adept complex recruits the general transcription factor complex, TFIIH, to facilitate the process of lesion verification. The precise structural mechanism underlying the recruitment of TFIIH by Rad4/XPC and its role in initiating nucleotide excision repair (NER) remains elusive due to the inherent constraints imposed by the current structural resolution, in the range of 7.9-9.6 Å. Using reversible molecular photoswitches alongside fluorescence anisotropy we hope to aid in obtaining a higher resolution structure.
Daniel Jones, troy.jones@students.tamuk.edu
Texas A&M University-Kingsville, with Dr. Matthew L. Alexander
Chemical Engineering
The Effects of Nitrate and Phosphate Starvation on Dunaliella salina and Scenedesmus obliquus Biomass Composition
As traditional fuels begin to run out, alternative fuels become a necessity. Renewable biofuels are especially appealing due to their compatibility with current infrastructure. The purpose of this study is to analyze two microalgal species, Dunaliella salina, and Scenedesmus obliquus that appear highly promising for use as a biofuel feedstock. A quantitative approach will be used to analyze fluctuations in useful biomass production that occur under nutrient scarce conditions relative to cultivator recommended growth conditions which will act as a control. Each species will be subject to nutrient deprivation. Specifically, each species will be deprived of nitrate and phosphate separately. The percentage of lipid and carbohydrate biomass per dry weight gram will be measured and compared to growth rates to determine useful biomass productivity. The data collected from this study will aid future experimenters in the optimization of their microalgal experiments, and it will help engineers looking to create a plant or process for refining microalgae into biofuel. It is expected that both lipid and carbohydrate production will increase during the beginning days of nutrient deprivation, but over time a decrease will be noted.
Session Location
- Foster 250
Session Date/Time
- Friday, 3:30 - 4:30pm
Session Type
- Poster Student Presentations
- Student Presentations